# Patronizing and Condescending Language Detection in English and Mandarin

**Published:** October 26, 2026
**Author:** Xinyi Vicky Xiang, Catherine Qingyun Wang, Paula Cort\'es Lemos
**Source:** arXiv — cs.AI
**Language:** en-US
**HTML:** https://aiqazaqstan.com/en/articles/patronizing-and-condescending-language-detection-in-english-and-mandarin

arXiv:2610.31808v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Patronizing and condescending language (PCL) is a form of harmful language that belittles and assumes pity for vulnerable groups, reinforcing negative societal stereotypes. However, unlike overt hate speech, it is often difficult…

> From the original source: **arXiv — cs.AI**
> [Read full article at arXiv — cs.AI](https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31808)

**Tags:** #arXiv

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