# Physics-Constrained Digital Twins for Sensor Integrity in Urban Pedestrian Flow: Detecting Stealthy False Data Injection with Conformal Guarantees

**Published:** September 17, 2026
**Author:** Oscar Mogollon Gutierrez, Fatemeh Ghasemi, Mohammadhossein Homaei, Andres Caro, Mar Avila
**Source:** arXiv — cs.AI
**Language:** en-US
**HTML:** https://aiqazaqstan.com/en/articles/physics-constrained-digital-twins-for-sensor-integrity-in-urban-pedestri

City pedestrian counting systems now feed economic indicators, planning decisions and safety operations, yet the twins built on top of them treat the incoming stream as ground truth. We study what happens when it is not. We formalise stealthy false data injection for city-scale…

> From the original source: **arXiv — cs.AI**
> [Read full article at arXiv — cs.AI](https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.17635)

**Tags:** #arXiv

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