# The Two-Ledger Model: Transaction-Grain Cost Accounting for Multi-Agent AI Systems Across Clouds, Models, and Systems of Record

**Published:** November 6, 2026
**Author:** Vivek Acharya
**Source:** arXiv — cs.AI
**Language:** en-US
**HTML:** https://aiqazaqstan.com/en/articles/the-two-ledger-model-transaction-grain-cost-accounting-for-multi-agent-a

arXiv:2611.06989v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Enterprises run business transactions through multi-agent AI systems spanning clouds, large language models (LLMs), orchestration harnesses, and systems of record. Finance receives AI cost only at settlement grain, aggregated by…

> From the original source: **arXiv — cs.AI**
> [Read full article at arXiv — cs.AI](https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.06989)

**Tags:** #arXiv

---

*AI Qazaqstan — non-commercial informational portal about AI in Kazakhstan. Machine translations and summaries are AI-generated.*